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https://www.youngbuzz.com/careers/lawyer

https://www.youngbuzz.com/careers/biotechnologist

https://www.youngbuzz.com/careers/commercial-pilot

Law The judiciary represents the third wing of any democratic system; the other being the legislature and the executive. It is the organisation that guards the rights of an individual.

On the educational front there are two possibilities: you can either do a five-year course after HSC or a three-year post-graduate course which is open to graduates, immaterial of their previous academic background, provided they clear the entrance examination of the institution. However, you can even opt do your BSL degree (Bachelor of Socio-Legal Sciences) after completion of the five-year course.

Graduates in any field are also eligible for a two-year Masters Degree course in Labour Welfare. There are even one-year diploma options in DTL (Diploma in Taxation laws). Graduates in any streams are eligible for this course.

To be eligible to practice you ought to have completed the three or five-year courses, plus another year of internship for which you have to register with the Honorary Secretary, Bar Council of the state where you reside.

Corporate lawyer: You'll specialise in matters such as violation of Company laws, Income Tax laws, Industrial dispute Act, Agency laws, Copyright Act, Consumer protection laws, Patent laws, etc.

Criminal Lawyer: You'll specialise in matters with legal implications under Indian Penal Code such as murder, rape, theft, dacoity, arson, abduction, burglary, etc., which are considered as serious offence.

Civil Lawyer: You'll specialise in cases involving civil damage, compensation for damage, breach of contract, insurance claims and other such civil matters. Preparing and drafting various types of deeds and contracts, lease agreements, sales agreements, rights transfer agreements, mortgages, wills and other related documents will be your area of work.

Property Lawyer: You'll deal with cases involving properties - mainly real estates. Property tax, disputes on real estates, transfer of property, leasing of property, rental laws and other related cases will be dealt by you.

Income Tax Lawyer: Obviously deals with taxation - wealth tax, capital gain tax, gift tax, excise duties, etc. You'll advise individuals and corporate organisations on matters relating to taxes.

International Lawyer: You'll specialise in human rights, trade and commerce, citizenship, criminal acts, etc.

Intellectual Property/Copy right/Patent lawyer: You'll deal with intellectual property laws, patent acts, copyrights and all other related matters.

Information Technology Lawyers: This is a relatively new field, which deals with cyber crimes. India is a new entrant in this field.

Biotechnology

Biotechnology is interdisciplinary, covering biomedical research, microbiology, physics, chemistry, mathematics and engineering. It is the application of biology and genetics to produce substances useful to man.

Biotechnologists are involved in gene therapy, fertility control, improving food nutritional value, reducing pollution, increasing livestock productivity, the development of contraceptives, etc. Research confines a biotechnologist's main work to laboratories.

Biotechnologists work in various fields. Some of these are:

Drug Discovery - These scientists employ expertise in molecular biology, cell biology, pharmacology, and today's hot biotechnologies like gene therapy or antigens to discover new drug molecules.

Receptor Biology - Scientists here employ knowledge of multiple disciplines like Biology, Biochemistry, Biophysics, Bio-engineering, Molecular Biology, etc to research various exciting fields like protein engineering, drug delivery systems, etc.

Cell Biology - They carry on research in various new fields like Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering. Cells are the engines and brains of many processes and the biologist who understands these new frontiers is a Cell Biologist.

Bio-informatics - As biotechnology or, precisely, genetics is mapping human genes, animals and plants, enormous amount of information is being generated. This information is about the nature and structure of the billions of genes that are being mapped. Bio-informatics specialists are combining knowledge of Structural Biology, Computational Chemistry, Mathematics and Information Technology to manage the huge information databases.

Bioprocess Engineering - Various products like alcohol, processed foods, vegetables, meat products, enzymes required in pharmaceutical formulations, etc. are manufactured by biological processes. There are scientists working in this area of bio-processing to solve manufacturing problems, developing new processes, and so on.

Biochemistry - Biochemists study the chemical make-up of living matter, as well as the molecular basis for the processes that occur in cells. They develop medical, agricultural, food science, pharmacological, industrial, environmental and other practical applications using their scientific expertise.

Microbiology - Microbiologists study the growth and characteristics of micro organisms, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, moulds and parasites, as well as their interactions with the environment. They develop industrial, medical and other practical applications.

Genetics - In this field scientists conduct research into the biochemical and physiological aspects of heredity, specialising in the examination of DNA.

They often concentrate on human genetics, which involves studying the biological basis for human variation and the causes of human genetic conditions. They are also directly involved in patient care, including prenatal diagnosis for genetic diseases and genetic counselling.

Sales and Marketing - Marketing and sales of bioprocessed products need special skills. Not only marketing skills, but skills in understanding and interpreting biotechnology are also needed. There are many biotechnologists who are actually working in sales and marketing.

Pilot Piloting is serious business. It carries considerable charm, prestige, responsibility and risk. You'll find yourself in different time zones, climates and cultures every day. It's like a different expedition every time...a new and exciting world to discover and journey through.

A typical workday depends on the number of pilots a plane needs and whether you are flying international or domestic. A long day can last for as many as 12 hours. But with international flights there could be no limits to your working hours. In any case, you won't be at the cockpit for more than 4 hours at a stretch.

Basic requirements, Job prospects - Pilot

Other requirements are

• A very intelligent person with excellent analytical and reasoning abilities

• Excellent scientific reasoning and comfortable with scientific facts and figures

• Alert in every situation

• Able to maintain your cool in times of crisis and even otherwise

• Quick at taking decisions

• Excellent leadership qualities

• Physically fit

On successful completion of training, he can get into

• Government carriers like Indian Airlines; Air India or their subsidiaries

like Alliance Air.

• Domestic private airlines like Sahara India, Jet Airways, etc.

• Foreign Airlines like British Airways, Delta Airlines, Singapore Airlines, United Air, Lufthansa, etc.

• Corporate companies that own private jets like TISCO, Kirloskar, Reliance, Tata, Mahindra & Mahindra, etc.

• Cargo companies that own fleets like DHL, UPS, etc.